Editor’s note: This July 15 interview was conducted before federal officials confirmed shredded iceberg lettuce as a source of one cyclospora outbreak; investigations into other cases are ongoing.
A growing cyclospora outbreak across the U.S., including a recently confirmed travel-related case in 麻豆传媒, is raising questions about how the foodborne parasite spreads and how people can protect themselves. Erika Noel, an assistant professor at the University of 麻豆传媒 at 惭ā苍辞补 (JABSOM), answers common questions about cyclospora, including its symptoms, treatment and simple food safety practices that can help reduce the risk of illness.
Q: Why is this outbreak more concerning than previous years?
Cyclospora is something that we see annually, particularly in the spring and summer months from May through August. But what has been so concerning about this current outbreak is that we don’t currently know the main source. In previous years, it has been traced back to things like raspberries, pre-washed salad mixtures, and other produce.
Q: Can cyclospora spread from person to person?
Cyclospora is not contagious, as it cannot be passed from person to person. It is transmitted when people consume food or water that is contaminated with human feces containing the oocysts, or the eggs, of the parasite.
Q: What symptoms should people watch for?
The symptom range looks like a typical stomach bug: diarrhea, nausea, fatigue, cramping and bloating. Because of that, many cases fly under the radar. Some people ride the illness out at home rather than seeing a doctor. Most of the time, people will recover from the illness on their own, with symptoms resolving within about a week. So, it is definitely not something to panic about. Again, it is important for us to be aware, but not panic, about the cyclospora outbreak during this time.
Q: What are the best ways to reduce your risk?
The best way to prevent illness is to, first and foremost, follow standard hygiene and food safety practices. Washing our hands with soap and water after using the bathroom and before and after preparing food is important, as alcohol-based hand sanitizers do not kill cyclospora; however, soap and water do. Cleaning produce with vinegar has been more effective than just running water alone. For example, use one part vinegar to three parts water. It doesn’t kill the cyclospora, but it helps the parasite detach from the fruits and vegetables, which has been shown to reduce the risk of getting sick or making the illness less severe. Produce is safest when it is heated to 158°F degrees or higher, which actually kills the cyclospora.
Q: So when in doubt, just cook it?
Absolutely. When in doubt at this time, the best thing to do is cook. For fruits with crevices, such as raspberries or strawberries with bumpy surfaces, we actually recommend cooking them in pies or jams to greater than 158°F degrees, because we know that those have been linked to previous cyclospora outbreaks. Freezing them can reduce the number of parasites, but probably not entirely, so we do recommend cleaning. Other things like cilantro and basil, which have small leaves, should be washed thoroughly, separating the leaves in order to decrease the chances of an outbreak. For green onions, we would like for you to trim the root end and remove the outer layer.
Q: What should people know if they become infected?
It is part of the reportable diseases to the Department of Health, and we do see some cases every year throughout the nation. So, it is relatively common in the sense that it happens every year, just not to this degree. One of the greatest things about cyclospora is that there are treatments for it. We always say do not take over-the-counter anti-diarrheal medications like Imodium or Pepto-Bismol without the consultation of your primary care physician. What is interesting is that even though it is a parasite, it has been found that an antibiotic is very effective in treating cyclospora.
Q: What is your final advice?
Even though we cannot eliminate our risk completely, it is just important for us to go back to the basics and always wash our hands. If you are sick, please do not prepare food for yourself or other people. Make sure to call out sick, and know that alcohol-based hand sanitizers do not kill cyclospora. So, always go back to hand washing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
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