{"id":68654,"date":"2017-10-16T04:00:15","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T14:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/?p=68654"},"modified":"2019-03-12T16:45:38","modified_gmt":"2019-03-13T02:45:38","slug":"uh-part-of-astronomical-discovery-that-changes-understanding-of-universe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/2017\/10\/16\/uh-part-of-astronomical-discovery-that-changes-understanding-of-universe\/","title":{"rendered":"<abbr title=\"University of Hawaii\">UH<\/abbr> part of astronomical discovery that changes understanding of universe"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 2<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span><figure id=\"attachment_68949\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-68949\" style=\"width: 676px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/manoa-ifa-neutron-merger.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"676\" height=\"380\" class=\"size-full wp-image-68949\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/manoa-ifa-neutron-merger.jpg 676w, https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/manoa-ifa-neutron-merger-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/manoa-ifa-neutron-merger-630x353.jpg 630w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 676px) 100vw, 676px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-68949\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A binary neutron star merger and resulting kilonova explosion. Illustration by Robin Dienel courtesy of the Carnegie Institution for Science<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>University of <span aria-label=\"Hawaii\">Â鶹´«Ã½<\/span> researchers played a major role in one of the most significant astronomical discoveries in decades&#8212;the first observations of a binary neutron star merger and resulting kilonova explosion. The discovery fundamentally affects our understanding of the origin of many of the elements common on Earth and in our bodies.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ifa.hawaii.edu\/\"><abbr title=\"University of Hawaii\">UH<\/abbr> astronomers<\/a>, together with their international collaborators, announced the discovery in articles published today in <em>Science<\/em>, <em>Nature<\/em> and <em>The Astrophysical Journal<\/em>. They were part of the largest armada of telescopes, researchers and astronomers ever mobilized after the gravitational waves from a binary neutron star merger were detected for the first time.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ifa.hawaii.edu\/info\/press-releases\/LIGO_Oct2017\/\">Read the Institute for Astronomy&#8217;s news release for more on the discovery.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Unprecedented mobilization of the world\u2019s astronomical community<\/h2>\n<p>It started on August 11, when two neutron stars, the remains of dead massive stars, were spiraling toward each other in a distant galaxy, generating gravitational waves as they got closer and closer before colliding. Back on Earth, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ligo.caltech.edu\/\">Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory<\/a>, whose creators were recently awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics, detected these ripples in the fabric of space. A mere 1.7 seconds later, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/content\/fermi-gamma-ray-space-telescope\"><abbr title=\"National Aeronautics and Space Administration\">NASA<\/abbr>\u2019s Fermi Space Observatory<\/a> detected a burst of high-energy gamma-rays. Alerts of the observations with a rough estimate of the location were quickly sent to the world\u2019s astronomical community.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_68951\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-68951\" style=\"width: 676px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/manoa-ifa-kilonova-labels.jpg\" alt=\"three different photos of the merger of two neutron stars\" width=\"676\" height=\"225\" class=\"size-full wp-image-68951\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/manoa-ifa-kilonova-labels.jpg 676w, https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/manoa-ifa-kilonova-labels-300x100.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 676px) 100vw, 676px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-68951\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><abbr title=\"Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System\">Pan-STARRS<\/abbr> image of Kilonova SSS17a \/ AT2017gfo taken 18 hours and 55 minutes after the gravity wave GW170817 from the merger of two neutron stars in the outskirts of the galaxy NGC4993.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><abbr title=\"University of Hawaii\">UH<\/abbr> researchers play a significant role<\/h2>\n<p>Astronomer <strong>Benjamin Shappee<\/strong>, who joined the <abbr title=\"University of Hawaii\">UH<\/abbr> M\u0101noa <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ifa.hawaii.edu\/\">Institute for Astronomy<\/a> in September, is part of the One-Meter-Two-Hemisphere (1M2H) team that leapt into action. This small team, a collaboration between Carnegie Observatories and <abbr title=\"University of California&rdquo;>UC<\/abbr> Santa Cruz, quickly used the Carnegie Institute&#8217;s Swope and Magellan telescopes to image galaxies in the estimated location of the gravitational-wave trigger. By comparing these new images with archival ones, they were the first to image, discover and report the candidate for the kilonova named Swope Supernova Survey 2017a (SSS17a).<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;It is exciting to play a part in a story that will make it into the textbooks,&rdquo; said Shappee. &ldquo;It is amazing that with the multitude of teams searching for this source, our small team of mostly young astronomers were the ones to find it first,&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>Six hours later, using the coordinates provided by Shappee\u2019s team, <abbr title=\"University of Hawaii\">UH<\/abbr>\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/pswww.ifa.hawaii.edu\/pswww\/\"><abbr>Pan-STARRS<\/abbr> survey facility<\/a> on Haleakal\u0101, Maui confirmed that the object was indeed a binary neutron star merger and kilonova. <abbr>Pan-STARRS<\/abbr> obtained new images of the source and compared them with previous images taken by <abbr>Pan-STARRS<\/abbr> of the same area, and with the brightness initially observed by the 1M2H team. They found that the object was dimming rapidly.<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;A new astronomical object fading this fast is unheard of,&rdquo; said <strong>Ken Chambers<\/strong>, director of the <abbr>Pan-STARRS<\/abbr> Observatory. &ldquo;This was the signature of a kilonova and the <abbr>Pan-STARRS<\/abbr> Team alerted the world to the unique nature of SSS17a.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>After the <abbr>Pan-STARRS<\/abbr> confirmation, many of the observatories in the world and in orbit changed course to observe the phenomenon in a massive international effort unprecedented in the history of astronomy.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_47127\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-47127\" style=\"width: 630px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/manoa-ifa-panstarr-telescope-f.jpg\" alt=\"Pan-STARR telescope\" width=\"630\" height=\"353\" class=\"size-full wp-image-47127\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/manoa-ifa-panstarr-telescope-f.jpg 630w, https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/manoa-ifa-panstarr-telescope-f-260x146.jpg 260w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-47127\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The <abbr>Pan-STARRS<\/abbr>1 Observatory on Haleakal\u0101, Maui, opens at sunset to begin a night of mapping the sky. Credit: Photo by Rob Ratkowski<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Changing our understanding of the universe<\/h2>\n<p>The picture that emerged over the following two weeks was that the bluish object seen initially, changed into a redder and strangely colorful object the likes of which has never been seen before. The final piece of the puzzle came from spectra, a band of colors, like those in a rainbow, taken by the <abbr title=\"University of Hawaii\">UH<\/abbr> astronomers and their international collaborators on a variety of telescopes.<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;The fingerprints of key elements are there,&rdquo; said Chambers. &ldquo;Heavy elements that are found on Earth and even in our bodies.&rdquo; It was long believed that these heavy elements came from single massive stars exploding in a supernova long before our solar system was formed.<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;Now there is a new blossoming field of study in astronomy,&rdquo; said Shappee. &ldquo;This will be the focus of hundreds of astronomers, from around the world, for months and years to come.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>More than 1,000 institutions are expected to produce scientific papers authored by more than 3,500 astronomers. Shappee, Chambers are other <abbr title=\"University of Hawaii\">UH<\/abbr> researchers are lead- and co-authors in the articles published today in <em>Science<\/em>, <em>Nature<\/em> and <em>The Astrophysical Journal<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Institute for Astronomy researchers played a major role in one of the most significant astronomical discoveries in decades&#8212;the first observations of a binary neutron star merger and resulting kilonova explosion.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[34,35,36,158,1164,9],"class_list":["post-68654","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research","tag-astronomy","tag-institute-for-astronomy","tag-pan-starrs","tag-publication","tag-telescope","tag-uh-manoa","entry","has-media"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Institute for Astronomy researchers played a major role in one of the most significant astronomical discoveries in decades\u2014the first observations of a binary neutron star merger and resulting kilonova explosion.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Â鶹´«Ã½News\"\/>\n\t<meta name=\"keywords\" 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