{"id":60819,"date":"2017-05-26T13:12:11","date_gmt":"2017-05-26T23:12:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/?p=60819"},"modified":"2020-01-15T16:06:09","modified_gmt":"2020-01-16T02:06:09","slug":"belle-ii-roll-in","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/2017\/05\/26\/belle-ii-roll-in\/","title":{"rendered":"Mysteries of the Universe to be answered by Belle <abbr title=\"Roman numeral two\">II<\/abbr> experiment"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 3<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span><div class=\"responsive-video-wrap\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Youtube video player\" width=\"620\" height=\"349\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nGCrrgXSEOk\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>A search for new physics: The Belle <abbr title=\"two\">II<\/abbr> experiment<\/p>\n<p>At the beginning of the universe there were equal quantities of matter and anti-matter and yet 13.7 billion years later, the universe is completely dominated by matter. How did this happen? Asymmetries in the interactions of fundamental matter particles and their anti-matter counterparts are likely to be responsible for the matter dominance of the universe and our own existence. However, the known asymmetries do not seem to be sufficient and seem to require new particles or new interactions beyond the Standard Model of Particle Physics. A team of University of <span aria-label=\"Hawaii\">Â鶹´«Ã½<\/span> at M\u0101noa <a href=\"http:\/\/www.phys.hawaii.edu\">Department of Physics and Astronomy<\/a> researchers and those from 23 nations seek to answer these questions and other mysteries of the Universe with the <a href=\"http:\/\/belle2.jp\/\">Belle <abbr title=\"two\">II<\/abbr> experiment<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>A milestone was reached on April 11 as the Belle <abbr>II<\/abbr> detector was &ldquo;rolled-in&rdquo; to the collision point of the SuperKEKB particle accelerator. The <abbr title=\"University of Hawaii\">UH<\/abbr> Belle <abbr>II<\/abbr> team plays a leading role in the beam background commissioning detector (<abbr title=\"Beam Exorcism for A STable\">BEAST<\/abbr> <abbr>II<\/abbr>) and the readout systems of the iTOP (imaging Time Of Propagation) detector and the KLM (KLong Muon) detector. Following the roll-in, the <abbr>UH<\/abbr> team is preparing for the 2017 summer cosmic ray run in which all of the components of the Belle <abbr>II<\/abbr> outer detector are integrated. The first run with collisions of the electron and positron particle beams will start in February 2018.<\/p>\n<p>The term &ldquo;roll-in&rdquo; refers to the operation of moving the entire 1,400 ton Belle <abbr title=\"Roman numeral two\">II<\/abbr> detector system, following the completion of the assembly and integration of the various components, from its assembly area to the beam collision point. The Belle <abbr>II<\/abbr> detector and the SuperKEKB accelerator are now an integrated unit.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_60823\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-60823\" style=\"width: 630px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/manoa-physics-belle-ii.jpg\" alt=\"large group of worker standing near huge machine\" width=\"620\" height=\"349\" class=\"size-full wp-image-60823\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/manoa-physics-belle-ii.jpg 620w, https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/manoa-physics-belle-ii-260x146.jpg 260w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-60823\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers at <abbr title=\"High Energy Accelerator Research Organization\">KEK<\/abbr> celebrate the completion of Belle <abbr title=\"Roman numeral two\">II<\/abbr> roll-in (image copyright: Belle <abbr>II<\/abbr>\/<abbr>KEK<\/abbr>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>International team explores the beginning of the universe<\/h2>\n<p>The Belle <abbr title=\"Roman numeral two\">II<\/abbr> experiment is an international collaboration hosted by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kek.jp\/en\/index.html\"><abbr>KEK<\/abbr><\/a> in Tsukuba, Japan. Using a state-of-the-art experimental apparatus, Belle <abbr>II<\/abbr> explores the mysteries of the beginning of the universe. The Belle <abbr>II<\/abbr> detector precisely measures elementary particle interactions artificially created with the upgraded SuperKEKB accelerator.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Related<\/strong>: <a href=\"http:\/\/cerncourier.com\/cws\/article\/cern\/65817\">Belle <abbr title=\"Roman numeral two\">II<\/abbr> super-B factory experiment takes shape at <abbr>KEK<\/abbr><\/a>, <em><abbr title=\"European Organization for Nuclear Research\">CERN<\/abbr> Courier<\/em>, August 12, 2016<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In the Belle <abbr title=\"Roman numeral two\">II<\/abbr> experiment, researchers will observe various elementary particles generated from high energy electron-positron collisions using the 8-meter tall Belle <abbr>II<\/abbr> detector consisting of seven types of subdetectors and investigate the various kinds of elementary particles that emerge from these collisions. The detector will provide measurements of the directions, momenta and energies of the newly produced particles. Compared to the earlier Belle experiment, Belle <abbr>II<\/abbr> has much improved measurement precision and can handle an order of magnitude higher rate from accelerator induced background.<\/p>\n<p>More than 700 researchers from around the world participate in the Belle <abbr title=\"Roman numeral two\">II<\/abbr> experiment. Their goal is to find a significant &quot;deviation&quot; from the Standard Model of particle physics and perhaps determine which of the many proposed new theories describes the world of elementary particles.<\/p>\n<p><abbr title=\"University of Hawaii\">UH<\/abbr> M\u0101noa Professors <a href=\"https:\/\/www.phys.hawaii.edu\/people\/faculty\/browder.html\"><strong>Tom Browder<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.phys.hawaii.edu\/people\/faculty\/vahsen.html\"><strong>Sven Vahsen<\/strong><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.phys.hawaii.edu\/people\/faculty\/varner.html\"><strong>Gary Varner<\/strong><\/a> along with other <abbr title=\"University of Hawaii\">UH<\/abbr> M\u0101noa postdoctoral researchers and graduate students participated in the first Belle experiment at Tsukuba, Japan&#39;s <abbr>KEK<\/abbr> B factory. It is celebrated for its critical role in experimentally verifying the theoretical scheme of Kobayashi and Maskawa, winners of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics.<\/p>\n<p>Browder is now the Belle <abbr title=\"Roman numeral two\">II<\/abbr> spokesperson, Vahsen is leading the BEAST <abbr>II<\/abbr> beam background group and Varner is leading the U.S. readout electronics efforts. <abbr title=\"University of Hawaii\">UH<\/abbr> M\u0101noa is responsible for major components of the Belle <abbr>II<\/abbr> particle identification readout systems using Varner&#39;s renowned &quot;oscilloscope on a chip&quot; application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) as well as the <abbr>BEAST<\/abbr> <abbr>II<\/abbr> background commissioning system, which detects neutrons with Vahsen&#39;s innovative micro-time projection chambers<\/p>\n<p>In addition to the three <abbr title=\"University of Hawaii\">UH<\/abbr> M\u0101noa faculty members, current members of the Belle <abbr>II<\/abbr> project are postdoctoral scholars <strong>Oscar Hartbrich<\/strong>, <strong>Dmitri Kotchetkov<\/strong>, <strong>Peter Lewis<\/strong>, <strong>Tobias Weber<\/strong> and engineers Matt Andrew, <strong>Isar Mostafanezhad<\/strong> and <strong>Luca Macchiarulo<\/strong> and graduate students <strong>Shawn Dubey<\/strong>, <strong>Michael Hedges<\/strong>, <strong>Chris Ketter<\/strong> and <strong>Ilsoo Seong<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>Belle <abbr title=\"Roman numeral two\">II<\/abbr> collaborators<\/h2>\n<p>The other U.S. institutions collaborating on Belle <abbr>II<\/abbr> are <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmu.edu\/\">Carnegie-Mellon University<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.uc.edu\/\">University of Cincinnati<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.luther.edu\/\">Luther College<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.kennesaw.edu\/\">Kennesaw State<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iu.edu\/\">Indiana University<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pitt.edu\/\">University of Pittsburgh<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.southalabama.edu\/\">University of South Alabama<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sc.edu\/\">University of South Carolina<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vt.edu\/\">Virginia Polytechnic Institute<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/wayne.edu\/\">Wayne State University<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnl.gov\/\">Pacific Northwest National Lab<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8212;By Tony Hall<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Belle II detector was &ldquo;rolled-in&rdquo; to the collision point of the SuperKEKB particle accelerator. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[308,124,545,9,56],"class_list":["post-60819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research","tag-college-of-natural-sciences","tag-physics","tag-physics-and-astronomy","tag-uh-manoa","tag-video-2","entry","has-media"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60819","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60819"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60819\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":109435,"href":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60819\/revisions\/109435"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60819"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60819"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60819"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}