{"id":187921,"date":"2023-12-03T09:00:36","date_gmt":"2023-12-03T19:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/?p=187921"},"modified":"2023-12-04T12:04:50","modified_gmt":"2023-12-04T22:04:50","slug":"feral-cattle-pigs-rapid-ohia-death-hawaii-island","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/2023\/12\/03\/feral-cattle-pigs-rapid-ohia-death-hawaii-island\/","title":{"rendered":"Feral cattle, pigs exacerbate spread of Rapid \u02bb\u014chi\u02bba Death on Hawai\u02bbi Island"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 3<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span><div class=\"responsive-video-wrap-post\"><figure class=\"wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><div class=\"epyt-video-wrapper\"><iframe  id=\"_ytid_14522\"  width=\"676\" height=\"676\"  data-origwidth=\"676\" data-origheight=\"676\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YR68m3472i8?enablejsapi=1&origin=https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu&rel=0&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload\" title=\"Feral cattle, pigs exacerbate spread of Rapid \u02bb\u014chi\u02bba Death on Hawai\u02bbi Island\"  allow=\"fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/div>\n<p>A team of researchers from the <a href=\"https:\/\/hilo.hawaii.edu\/\">University of <span aria-label=\"Hawaii\">Â鶹´«Ã½<\/span> at Hilo<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/manoa.hawaii.edu\/\"><abbr title=\"University of Hawaii\">UH<\/abbr> M\u0101noa<\/a> are leading the charge to explore the relationship between hooved animals and the spread of Rapid <span aria-label=\"Ohia\">&#699;&#332;hi&#699;a<\/span> Death (<abbr>ROD<\/abbr>). Maps of hard hit districts on <span aria-label=\"Hawaii\">Â鶹´«Ã½<\/span> Island were recently released online from a collaborative study involving community, county, state and federal experts and <a href=\"https:\/\/storymaps.arcgis.com\/stories\/7f7a2bfd3ed142218998a7326f6006be\">show the destructive role animals such as cattle and pigs can play<\/a> in infecting <span aria-label=\"ohia\">&#699;&#333;hi&#699;a<\/span> trees with the fatal fungus, <em>Ceratocystis lukuohia<\/em>, that cause <abbr>ROD<\/abbr> and how fencing can help prevent the spread of the disease.<\/p>\n<p>According to <abbr>UH<\/abbr> researchers, the animals damage healthy trees by digging up roots and stripping off bark. The damage makes the tree more susceptible to infection by the fungal spores carried in soil or the wind.<\/p>\n<h2>Fence-off <span aria-label=\"Hawaii\">Â鶹´«Ã½<\/span>\u2019s forests<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_187929\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-187929\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/hilo-manoa-rod-feral-fence-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Wild pig in front of a fence\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-187929\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/hilo-manoa-rod-feral-fence-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/hilo-manoa-rod-feral-fence-130x73.jpg 130w, https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/hilo-manoa-rod-feral-fence.jpg 676w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-187929\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hooved animals rub against or strip bark wounding the tree allowing deadly fungus to infect <span aria-label=\"ohia\">&#699;&#333;hi&#699;a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Spatial data, collected using remote-sensing technology, high-resolution satellite and helicopter imagery obtained from January 2019 through January 2023, show a greater spread of <span aria-label=\"ohia\">&#699;&#333;hi&#699;a<\/span> die off in unfenced areas hooved animals can access and significantly lower <span aria-label=\"ohia\">&#699;&#333;hi&#699;a<\/span> mortality in forest areas where hooved animals are blocked out by fencing. The <abbr>UH<\/abbr> researchers  teamed with the Department of Land and Natural Resources (<abbr>DLNR<\/abbr>), Department of Hawaiian Homelands, The Nature Conservancy, National Park Service and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to assess data from forested areas within H\u0101m\u0101kua to <span aria-label=\"Kau\">Ka&#699;&#363;<\/span> on <span aria-label=\"Hawaii\">Â鶹´«Ã½<\/span> Island. The project is funded by the <abbr>DLNR<\/abbr> and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;The surveying and monitoring of <span aria-label=\"ohia\">&#699;&#333;hi&#699;a<\/span> forests remains one of our team\u2019s top priorities,&rdquo; said Brian Tucker, a <abbr>ROD<\/abbr> data specialist at <abbr>UH<\/abbr> M\u0101noa <a href=\"https:\/\/pcsuhawaii.org\/\">Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit<\/a> through the university\u2019s Research Corporation. &ldquo;These observations help guide our research projects, forest management practices and public outreach. We noticed a trend where the forests have less mortality due to <abbr>ROD<\/abbr> when protected from feral animals, especially cattle and pigs. We love our forests and it gives us hope because there are tools available for meaningful action to minimize the most devastating effects of <abbr>ROD<\/abbr>.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<h2>Closer-look at <abbr>ROD<\/abbr> impacts<\/h2>\n<div style=\"float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 0 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/hilo-manoa-rod-feral-map-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/hilo-manoa-rod-feral-map-1-232x300.jpg\" alt=\"Map with suspected cases of rapid ohia death along a fence line\" width=\"232\" height=\"300\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-187932\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/hilo-manoa-rod-feral-map-1-232x300.jpg 232w, https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/hilo-manoa-rod-feral-map-1-101x130.jpg 101w, https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/hilo-manoa-rod-feral-map-1.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 232px) 100vw, 232px\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 0 15px;\"><figure id=\"attachment_187931\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-187931\" style=\"width: 232px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/hilo-manoa-rod-feral-map-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/hilo-manoa-rod-feral-map-2-232x300.jpg\" alt=\"Map with suspected cases of rapid ohia death along a fence line\" width=\"232\" height=\"300\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-187931\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/hilo-manoa-rod-feral-map-2-232x300.jpg 232w, https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/hilo-manoa-rod-feral-map-2-101x130.jpg 101w, https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/hilo-manoa-rod-feral-map-2.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 232px) 100vw, 232px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-187931\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Newly published maps online show a greater spread of <span aria-label=\"ohia\">&#699;&#333;hi&#699;a<\/span> die off in unfenced areas hooved animals can access<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<p>In October 2022, high-resolution satellite imagery analysis of two equally sized areas across the fenced boundary of <span aria-label=\"Hawaii\">Â鶹´«Ã½<\/span> Volcanoes National Park showed 99% of the 3,398 suspected trees impacted by <abbr>ROD<\/abbr> were in the unfenced area.<\/p>\n<p>Analysis of remote-sensing and high-resolution satellite imagery occurred collaboratively with Tucker and researchers at the <abbr>UH<\/abbr> Hilo <a href=\"http:\/\/spatial.uhh.hawaii.edu\/home.htm\">Spatial Data Analysis &#38; Visualization<\/a> (<abbr>SDAV<\/abbr>) laboratory, with <abbr>UH<\/abbr> Hilo student geospatial analyst <span aria-label=\"Naia\">Nai&#699;a<\/span> Odachi performing much of the work. The lab specializes in geospatial technology, which is integral in obtaining aerial imagery to detect <span aria-label=\"ohia\">&#699;&#333;hi&#699;a<\/span> mortality at an individual tree level.<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;Remote sensing using aerial and high-resolution satellite imagery has allowed researchers to expand monitoring capabilities on <span aria-label=\"Hawaii\">Â鶹´«Ã½<\/span> Island,&rdquo; said Odachi, who is pursuing a master\u2019s in <a href=\"https:\/\/tcbes.uhh.hawaii.edu\/\">tropical conservation biology and environmental science<\/a> at <abbr>UH<\/abbr> Hilo. &ldquo;This imagery is used to identify individual dying <span aria-label=\"ohia\">&#699;&#333;hi&#699;a<\/span> trees and can be used to direct field crews for sampling and ultimately lab analysis to confirm <abbr>ROD<\/abbr> infection.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>At the 2023 <span aria-label=\"Hawaii\">Â鶹´«Ã½<\/span> Conservation Conference this summer, Odachi presented <abbr>ROD<\/abbr> investigations she conducted at <abbr>UH<\/abbr> Hilo\u2019s <abbr>SDAV<\/abbr> and won the Outstanding Graduate Student Oral Presentation Award.<\/p>\n<p>This newly published study stems from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4907\/12\/8\/1035\">research first released in 2021<\/a> led by <abbr>UH<\/abbr> Hilo Geographer Ryan Perroy, a professor of <a href=\"https:\/\/hilo.hawaii.edu\/depts\/geography\/\">geography and environmental science<\/a> and director of the <abbr>SDAV<\/abbr> research lab. Perroy\u2019s team revealed significant differences in areas on <span aria-label=\"Hawaii\">Â鶹´«Ã½<\/span> Island with and without ungulates, suggesting that ungulate exclusion is an effective management tool to lessen the impacts of <abbr>ROD<\/abbr> in forested areas in <span aria-label=\"Hawaii\">Â鶹´«Ã½<\/span>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Related <em><abbr>UH<\/abbr> News<\/em> story:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/2021\/08\/17\/rod-linked-to-hoofed-animals\/\">Rapid <span aria-label=\"ohia\">&#699;&#333;hi&#699;a<\/span> death linked to hoofed animals in <abbr>UH<\/abbr> Hilo research<\/a>, August 17, 2021<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&ldquo;With <span aria-label=\"ohia\">&#699;&#333;hi&#699;a<\/span> making up 80% of our remaining native forests, preventing or reducing damage from <abbr>ROD<\/abbr> and hooved animals is critical for protecting our watersheds and only source of fresh water in <span aria-label=\"Hawaii\">Â鶹´«Ã½<\/span>,&rdquo; said Rob Hauff, state protection forester at <span aria-label=\"Hawaii\">Â鶹´«Ã½<\/span> <abbr>DLNR<\/abbr> Division of Forestry and Wildlife.<\/p>\n<h2><abbr>ROD<\/abbr> spread outlook<\/h2>\n<p><span aria-label=\"Ohia\">&#699;&#332;hi&#699;a<\/span> mortality has been observed in every district on <span aria-label=\"Hawaii\">Â鶹´«Ã½<\/span> Island, with some areas showing very high rates of mortality. Outbreaks with significant <abbr>ROD<\/abbr> mortality were also reported on <span aria-label=\"Kauai\">Kaua&#699;i<\/span>. This collaborative study is geared toward building upon effective management strategies already in place to help protect <span aria-label=\"Hawaii\">Â鶹´«Ã½<\/span>\u2019s remaining <span aria-label=\"ohia\">&#699;&#333;hi&#699;a<\/span>, and increase native forest regeneration and restoration.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/hilo-manoa-rod-feral-pig.jpg\" alt=\"Wild pigs\" width=\"676\" height=\"381\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-187930\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/hilo-manoa-rod-feral-pig.jpg 676w, https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/hilo-manoa-rod-feral-pig-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/hilo-manoa-rod-feral-pig-130x73.jpg 130w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 676px) 100vw, 676px\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Newly published online maps show fencing can help prevent the spread of the disease.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,12],"tags":[222,665,38,367,1018,872,651,73,232,14,9,56],"class_list":["post-187921","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research","category-video","tag-agriculture","tag-conservation","tag-geography","tag-pacific-cooperative-studies-unit","tag-rapid-ohia-death","tag-research-corporation-of-the-university-of-hawaii","tag-spatial-data-analysis-and-visualization-laboratory","tag-sustainability","tag-tropical-conservation-biology-and-environmental-science","tag-uh-hilo","tag-uh-manoa","tag-video-2","entry","has-media"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Newly published online maps show fencing can 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