{"id":121337,"date":"2020-06-24T07:08:52","date_gmt":"2020-06-24T17:08:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/?p=121337"},"modified":"2020-08-07T12:43:45","modified_gmt":"2020-08-07T22:43:45","slug":"touchless-chemical-reactions-levitation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/2020\/06\/24\/touchless-chemical-reactions-levitation\/","title":{"rendered":"&lsquo;Touchless&rsquo; chemical reactions through levitation"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 2<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span><div class=\"responsive-video-wrap-post\"><figure class=\"wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><div class=\"epyt-video-wrapper\"><iframe  id=\"_ytid_15041\"  width=\"620\" height=\"349\"  data-origwidth=\"620\" data-origheight=\"349\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/HXPeZHO3sa4?enablejsapi=1&origin=https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu&rel=0&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload\" title=\"\u2018Touchless\u2019 chemical reactions through levitation\"  allow=\"fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/div>\n<p>An innovative method of using levitation to perform &lsquo;touchless&rsquo; chemical reactions has been developed by University of <span aria-label=\"Hawaii\">Â鶹´«Ã½<\/span> at M\u0101noa researchers.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/manoa.hawaii.edu\/chem\/\">Department of Chemistry<\/a> Professor <strong>Ralf I. Kaiser<\/strong> and postdoctoral researcher <strong>Stephen Brotton<\/strong> developed the technique using acoustic levitation to conduct contact-free experiments without using containers or other materials that may affect results. The <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c00929\">study<\/a> was featured in <em>Analytical Chemistry<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h2>&lsquo;Scientific motivation&rsquo; drives method<\/h2>\n<p>Existing electromagnetic levitation methods generally require objects to have certain physical properties, such as an electric charge or magnetism. Previously developed acoustic levitation techniques used sound waves to suspend an object in a gas, but proved difficult to obtain measurements as chemical reactions occurred.<\/p>\n<p><abbr>UH<\/abbr> M\u0101noa\u2019s method features a newly-designed acoustic levitator. Kaiser said &ldquo;scientific motivation&rdquo; and existing &ldquo;intensive research&rdquo; drove the pair during the process. To test the system, they suspended one droplet above another. Then, the researchers matched the frequency of the modulating sound wave to the natural vibration frequency of the upper droplet to make it oscillate. Both droplets then merged and the chemical reaction was initiated and observed.<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;The levitator setup had already been designed and developed at the University of <span aria-label=\"Hawaii\">Â鶹´«Ã½<\/span> at M\u0101noa over a few years originally for space simulation experiments and material sciences,&rdquo; Kaiser said. &ldquo;However, the specific innovation to enable the two droplets to be merged was based on an idea requiring modifications to the apparatus.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>Brotton said that the merging approach passed multiple tests to ensure its effectiveness.<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;The four proof-of-concept experiments were successful,&rdquo; Brotton said. &ldquo;We therefore learned that the merging approach works well for a wide range of applications and that the physical and chemical changes produced by the merging can be studied in real time via complementary Raman, Fourier-transform infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopies. Additional detection techniques are under development.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<h2>Future studies<\/h2>\n<p>Kaiser and Brotton said the method can be used in a wide range of disciplines including<br \/>\ncombustion science (jet fuel), material sciences (alloys, chemical vapor deposition), medicinal<br \/>\nchemistry (tracer tagging), planetary sciences (water and hydrocarbon aerosols) and jet engine engineering (volcanic ash).<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8212;By Marc Arakaki<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_121339\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-121339\" style=\"width: 676px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/manoa-chemistry-ralf-kaiser-levitation.jpg\" alt=\"before and after two droplets merge\" width=\"676\" height=\"381\" class=\"size-full wp-image-121339\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/manoa-chemistry-ralf-kaiser-levitation.jpg 676w, https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/manoa-chemistry-ralf-kaiser-levitation-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/manoa-chemistry-ralf-kaiser-levitation-130x73.jpg 130w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 676px) 100vw, 676px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-121339\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Levitating droplets of acidic and basic solutions merge into a larger droplet, in which carbon dioxide bubbles form as a product of the reaction.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><abbr>UH<\/abbr> M\u0101noa researchers developed a new acoustic levitation method.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,12],"tags":[251,308,1363,568,9,56],"class_list":["post-121337","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research","category-video","tag-chemistry","tag-college-of-natural-sciences","tag-manoa-research","tag-natural-science","tag-uh-manoa","tag-video-2","entry","has-media"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Â鶹´«Ã½Manoa researchers developed a new acoustic levitation method.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Â鶹´«Ã½News\"\/>\n\t<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"university of hawaii,uh manoa,chemistry,natural sciences,ralf kaiser,stephen brotton,analytical chemistry,acoustic 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