The first cohort of the at the University of �鶹��ý at Mānoa includes 14 students, seven of whom are supported through from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), �鶹��ý (DAR) and a �鶹��ý-based philanthropic organization. Students and their UH advisors will work collaboratively with the sponsoring agencies and �鶹��ý communities on their graduate research projects.

“It is really encouraging to see the significant support for this new program from the community and the state and federal agencies we partner with,” said Jeff Drazen, sustainable fisheries program graduate chair and oceanography professor in the UH Mānoa (SOEST). “Welcoming the first cohort of students is an exciting milestone, and having this level of community collaboration will really advance our goal of ensuring sustainable fisheries for people throughout the Pacific.”

The incoming students receiving fellowships are Kai Holdaway, Alexander Jemal, Ashley Meara, Kahakuhailoa Poepoe, Mackenzie Thielmann, Andrea Vega and Jake Zikan. Of the seven students, six will pursue master’s degrees, and one will pursue a doctoral degree; two are from �鶹��ý, and five are from the U.S. continent.

Students address fisheries near and far

Supported by one of two DAR Fellowships, Thielmann’s research will focus on finding “nursery” areas where young fish grow along Oʻahu’s coastlines to help protect future fish populations. By analyzing a large state dataset, Thielmann will identify where juvenile fish are most common and see if these “hotspots” match up with where legal-sized adult fish live. This project will use advanced science to ensure that culturally important reef fish remain abundant for local families and fishers. Further, this will help DAR create better fishing rules and habitat protections.

One of the four fellowships supported by the in Honolulu, awarded to Holdaway, will support building a computer model that predicts where the �鶹��ý longline fishing fleet might shift to as ocean conditions and fishing laws change. By analyzing vessel data and interviewing fishers, Holdaway wants to understand how factors like earnings, weather, and mapping tools influence a captain’s decisions. Ultimately, this work seeks to balance catching target fish with avoiding protected species to ensure a healthier marine ecosystem.

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–By Marcie Grabowski

The University of �鶹��ý at Hilo and �鶹��ý Community College co-hosted , a dynamic, multi-day Earth Day celebration. Guided by the theme “Huli ka lima i lalo, ola” (hands that are turned down to do work, bring life), the event featured demonstrations, conservation efforts and speaker presentations designed to encourage the community to mālama ʻāina (care for our land).

A centerpiece of the celebration took place on Lā Honua (Earth Day) at UH Hilo featuring an Earth Day Fair for K–12 students and a Conservation Career Fair for college students.

Amy Fullerton, a second-grade teacher from �����Dz� Elementary School, emphasized the necessity of the event. “We need to teach the students about how important our earth is because it’s their future.”

Students were thrilled to engage in interactive activities outside the traditional classroom setting. From building their own water systems to learning about how camouflage helps animals in the wild to creating artwork using traditional Hawaiian materials and methods.

For UH Hilo faculty, engaging with the keiki provided a joyful change of pace. Professor Kerri Inglis spent the morning teaching children how to make ti leaf lei. Representing Hui Mālama Makanalua, an organization dedicated to honoring and remembering the residents of Kalaupapa on Molokaʻi, Inglis reflected on the university’s long-standing tradition to mark Lā Honua.

“We’ve all come to really appreciate our connections, and so taking the time once a year to celebrate Earth Day is important,” said Inglis, who chairs the Social Sciences Division in the . “It’s an opportunity to express gratitude for where we are and recognize that we’re responsible not just to this island, but our Earth is an island that we need to take care of as well.”

For more, go to .

Kauaʻi Community College is combining high-tech innovation with cultural preservation, offering five students paid internships while supporting local nonprofit efforts to protect Indigenous data across the island.

These interdisciplinary projects allow students to gain specialized skills, earn academic credit and explore new career pathways through hands-on experience. They are part of the University of �鶹��ý‘s Office of Indigenous Knowledge and Innovation, which has established several Indigenous Data Hubs (IDH).

In one vital project, students are partnering with the nonprofit I Ola Wailuanui to aid in the restoration of Malaehaʻakoa heiau. Using drone technology, interns created 3D models of the historical site, which are now being used to inform and guide restoration efforts.

“Building pilina (connection) with Malaehaʻakoa and listening to what its needs are for restoration and integration into modern-day functioning has been integral,” said Kauaʻi CC IDH Coordinator Kamalani Chock. “When we interact with the space, we treat the heiau as an ancestor that can help the community cultivate mana (power). What the process of mana cultivation means in the 21st century is what we’re meditating on.”

Digitizing artifacts

A second project involves students digitizing fragile artifacts at Kauaʻi CC’s Kikuchi Center. They are photographing from 360 degrees and transforming those images into a 3D model with an associated texture map, making them accessible for study and public engagement on the .

“I think it’s important to expand the scope of potential career pathways on the island,” Creative Media Program Coordinator Joseph Tremonti said.

“Projects like this allow students to develop skills that can be applied to cultural heritage work, archives, and museum studies—fields where access to fragile materials is often limited. This opens up exciting opportunities for our students.”

Chock, who also teaches agriculture and natural science courses through Nā Pua Noʻeau (a pre-K–college enrichment program), emphasized the importance of connecting education directly to community needs.

“I think the future of education must be holistic,” Chock said. “It can’t be siloed into singular disciplines. Instead, it should recognize how these fields intersect and work together in our communities—especially in ways that support community health and well-being.”

An invasive algae already well-established in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands is raising concern among researchers as it threatens to spread into the main Hawaiian Islands. Scientists from the University of �鶹��ý at Mānoa and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) have identified a potential ally in slowing its advance: sea turtles.

Hawaiian green sea turtles (honu) have been documented for the first time actively grazing on Chondria tumulosa, an aggressive invasive red alga that has spread rapidly across reefs among three of the northernmost atolls in Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (PMNM).

The findings, recently published in the journal by researchers, suggest that honu may play a meaningful role in controlling this ecologically damaging species—while also potentially spreading it.

“After these exciting finds, our multi-partner effort to prevent this seaweed from taking hold in the Main Hawaiian Islands must include a plan to increase numbers of threatened, native green sea turtles, as well as ramping up efforts to identify all routes that could allow Chondria to spread to Oʻahu,” said Celia Smith, UH Mānoa‘s professor and senior author of the study.

Dangers of C. tumulosa

First detected at Manawai (Pearl and Hermes Atoll) in 2016, C. tumulosa has since expanded to more than 101 square kilometers of reef habitat (nearly the size of Kahoʻolawe), including Kuaihelani (Midway Atoll) in 2021 and Hōlanikū (Kure Atoll) in 2022. The alga forms dense mats more than 6 centimeters thick that can smother live coral and displace native reef species, making it one of the most pressing threats to the monument’s reef ecosystems.

Turtles take a bite

Using a stationary GoPro camera deployed on a reef at Midway Atoll in June and July 2025, the research team captured approximately 50 minutes of footage showing three honu grazing on C. tumulosa mats. One female took up to 18 bites in a 95-second burst, leaving disruptions 5–15 cm in diameter across the algal canopy—substantially larger than what urchins or fish could achieve. A complementary necropsy of a stranded adult female confirmed C. tumulosa fragments throughout her digestive tract, accounting for roughly 25% of the material in her esophagus and crop.

“These turtles are consuming a meaningful amount of this alga in a single foraging session,” said Tammy Summers, USFWS staff biologist and co-author of the study. “It’s exciting because it points to honu as a native megaherbivore with the potential to suppress C. tumulosa biomass—but it also raises important questions about whether fragments excreted during their migrations between atolls could accelerate the alga’s spread.”

The findings carry immediate management implications. Because 96% of Hawaiian green sea turtles nesting occurs at Lalo (French Frigate Shoals) before individuals disperse to foraging grounds across the archipelago, the authors recommend eDNA monitoring at Lalo to track potential spread of C. tumulosa beyond its known range.

The study was a collaboration between UH Mānoa‘s School of Life Sciences and USFWS Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, and was funded by USFWS Invasive Species Strike Team funds through a cooperative agreement with UH Mānoa. Smith leads the Limu Lab at UH Mānoa, where research on C. tumulosa physiology, distribution and ecology has been ongoing for several years. Other authors on the paper are Caroline Pott from USFWS and Angela Richards Donà from the School of Life Sciences.

This work was accomplished under permit numbers PMNM-2025-001, USFWS 274 Recovery Permit TE72088A-3, Recovery Sub-permit TE163899-2, NOAA Permit 21260, and 275 State of �鶹��ý, Department of Land and Natural Resources Special Activity Permit 2026-01.

The School of Life Sciences is housed in UH Mānoa‘s .

Related UH News stories on UH Mānoa research on C. tumulosa:

• Nuisance alga detected beyond Papahānaumokuākea for the 1st time, December 16, 2024
• Early detection system for nuisance alga infesting Papahānaumokuākea reefs, September 25, 2022
• Algae species discovered infesting NW waters has been identified, July 7, 2020

The University of �鶹��ý has been designated as a new Pacific Reef Research Coordination Institute (Pacific RRCI) by the (NOAA) to support coral reef conservation in the Pacific through research, collaboration and public education.

The Pacific RRCI will be housed in UH’s , under the aegis of the , and will perform the following critical functions: conduct federally directed research to fill national and regional gaps; collaborate with relevant states and territories, Indigenous groups, coral reef managers, non-governmental organizations, and other coral reef research centers; assist in the implementation of the NOAA’s National Coral Reef Resilience Strategy and coral reef action plans; build non-federal capacity for management and restoration practices; and conduct public education and awareness programs.

“This new institute combines UH’s strengths in cutting-edge, ocean-related research and our collaborative, place-based approach to working with resource managers throughout �鶹��ý and the Pacific to protect our vital coral reefs,” said Chad B. Walton, UH interim vice president for research and innovation. “At the same time, it provides us with further opportunities to develop our region’s next generation of researchers and managers in the field of conservation futures.”

To restore and preserve coral reef ecosystems in the U.S. from natural and human-related effects, the Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000 was reauthorized and modernized by the Restoring Resilient Reefs Act of 2021, which was included in the James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act that became law in 2022. The reauthorized law required the designation of two RRCIs, one each in the Atlantic and Pacific basins, was required. The RRCIs were chosen from 32 preselected coral reef research centers and were designated based on the results of technical merit and panel reviews. The Restoring Resilient Reefs Act of 2021 was introduced and sponsored by �鶹��ý Senators Brian Schatz and Mazie K. Hirono, and Congressman Ed Case.

The UH-led institute will be guided by experienced reef researchers from UH Mānoa’s Kewalo Marine Laboratory and the �鶹��ý Institute of Marine Biology, UH �ᾱ����’s Marine Sciences program, and the University of Guam’s Marine Laboratory. It will support research, monitoring, capacity building and outreach for coral reef management throughout the U.S states and territories of American Samoa, Guam, �鶹��ý, and the Northern Marianas Islands and with the Freely Associated States of the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Palau and the Republic of the Marshall Islands.

“Many people worked many years to make this vision for collaborative reef research across the Pacific a reality,” said Suzanne Case, director of the Office of Land and Ocean Conservation Futures. “We’re excited to jump in with scientists and communities and agencies across the region to take it forward.”

The one-year anniversary of the official designation of Papahānaumokuākea as a National Marine Sanctuary was celebrated on March 3, a historic milestone in the ongoing protection of one of the most sacred and ecologically significant places on Earth. In recognition of this anniversary, the (PMDP), (SAC) and the (�鶹��ý Sea Grant) are starting the new, community-centered initiative, Papahānaumokuākea: Bringing the Place to the People.

Papahānaumokuākea is a place of profound cultural, ecological and ancestral significance. Yet for many, it remains distant and abstract. The project seeks to bridge that distance by fostering meaningful, community-led engagement that deepens public awareness, stewardship, trust and cultural connection to the Papahānaumokuākea National Marine Sanctuary. Beginning in summer and fall 2026, PMDP, SAC and �鶹��ý Sea Grant will host community talk story sessions on �鶹��ý Island (Hilo and Kona), Maui, Lānaʻi, Molokaʻi, Oʻahu and Kauaʻi.

This initiative centers Native Hawaiian voices, values and leadership, elevating cultural resource conservation and protection as foundational to the sanctuary’s past, present and future. Their vision is a living, island-to-island exchange where communities do not simply learn about Papahānaumokuākea, but actively shape how its story, stewardship and future are carried forward.

Rooted in listening

These gatherings are not presentations delivered to communities, they are conversations rooted in listening. This initiative allows SAC, whose kuleana is to represent the communities, to learn directly from each island community and amplify their voices. The sessions will explore how Western science and Indigenous knowledge systems can be meaningfully integrated, community perspectives on stewardship and management, cultural resource protection priorities, opportunities for youth engagement and leadership, and how communities wish to remain connected to Papahānaumokuākea.

Community organizations, cultural practitioners, educators and schools, conservation groups, youth leaders, kupuna and ʻike holders, and interested individuals are invited to express their interest in hosting, partnering or participating in a talk story session on their island. The initiative is an invitation to listen, learn and steward together.

The initiative was funded by the . Find more information on .

The , a beacon of marine education and conservation for over a century, is marking its 122nd anniversary in March. Under the new leadership of Interim Director Judy Lemus, the institution is embarking on a period of revitalization, with innovative exhibits, strategic collaborations, and a continued commitment to the unique aquatic ecosystems of �鶹��ý and the tropical Pacific.

The aquarium will host a 122nd birthday celebration on March 19, from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. The day kicks off with a community coastal cleanup followed by a suite of family-friendly activities.

A new chapter

Lemus brings a wealth of experience in marine facility management, research, and education. Lemus served for four years as the interim director of the (HIMB) within the University of �鶹��ý at Mānoa (SOEST) and is currently the interim associate dean for academic affairs in SOEST. Her primary focus at the aquarium is on operational improvements and enhancing the institutionʻs role in education, marine conservation, collaborative research, and community engagement.

“Managing the Waikīkī Aquarium is about more than just animal husbandry; it’s also about our engagement with the public and contribution to conservation of Pacific species, and our role as a public outlet for UH research,” said Lemus. “As we celebrate 122 years, we are not just honoring our history, but building the systems, facilities, and stories that will carry us through the next century.”

One major accomplishment under her leadership has been the successful return of Hōʻailona, the beloved Hawaiian monk seal, to his refurbished enclosure.

New and upcoming exhibits:

• The Aquaculture Tank: In partnership with Biota, a local aquaculture company, this exhibit will feature fish and coral raised entirely in aquaculture facilities at the Oceanic Institute and Waikīkī Aquarium. This “no-collection” model highlights sustainable trade and will also showcase 3-D structures from HIMB researcher Josh Madin’s Lab that facilitate coral growth.
• The Edge of Reef Redesign: Formerly an iconic outdoor exhibit, the Edge of Reef was dismantled to make way for a critical infrastructure project. A redesign is planned for this exhibit with support from UH, the �鶹��ýFoundation, and the Friends of the Waikīkī Aquarium.
• New Tank for Mullet and More: The large tank that previously featured mullet, a species revered in �鶹��ý as a staple food and in loko ʻia (Hawaiian fishpond) aquaculture, is being dismantled to make way for a modern habitat. The new enclosure may house mullet and possibly other compatible species such as rays or sea turtles.
• The aquarium is planning new collaborations with a variety of UH faculty and labs to help bring their work to broader audiences.
• AZA Accreditation: The aquarium is starting a Pathway Toward Membership program with the Association of Zoos and Aquariums, the gold standard in accreditation for zoos and aquariums, with the goal of achieving AZA accreditation for Waikīkī Aquarium in about 5 years.

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A $2-million gift from Jeff Bezos and Lauren Sánchez Bezos is supporting University of �鶹��ý-led research aimed at restoring fire-prone grasslands on Maui and reducing the risk of future wildfires, building on and long-term recovery following the devastating 2023 fires.

Much of Maui’s former sugar plantation lands are now unmanaged and dominated by invasive species, such as guinea grass, that create more fire-prone vegetation and intensify wildfire risk. Several UH units are collaborating to address that vulnerability through land stewardship research designed to inform policy and guide on-the-ground management decisions.

The effort brings together researchers from the (UHERO) housed in UH ����ԴDz�’s , the , and the Ecosystems and Land Care Program in the Department of (NREM) in the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resilience. The work will be conducted with watershed partners, ranchers and ʻāina (land)-based organizations across �鶹��ý.

“Insufficient investment in land care across former plantation lands has left large areas of Maui vulnerable to wildfire,” said Kimberly Burnett, a specialist with UHERO. “This work builds on evidence that actively managed lands, including forests, well-managed rangelands and agriculture, can significantly reduce fuel loads and support outcomes like erosion reduction, food production, biodiversity and community resilience.”

Data-driven strategies for wildfire prevention

In the early stages of the project, researchers will work closely with partners to co-develop research questions and products that are directly useful for land managers and decision-makers. Anticipated outcomes include statewide wildfire risk and probability maps to help guide fire reduction strategies across a range of land uses, as well as analyses of different wildfire mitigation scenarios over space and time.

Those scenarios may include forest restoration, green breaks, agroforestry, grazing and mowing, with researchers assessing the benefits and costs of each approach.

“We want to look at options beyond just mowing brush given how well these different actions align with other things people value and contribute to public safety,” said Clay Trauernicht, a specialist with NREM.

The project will also examine policy and market-based tools that could help finance and support land-use transitions that advance multiple ecosystem services, including wildfire risk reduction, across �鶹��ý.

The gift builds on existing support from the Bezos Maui Fund to restore the island’s watersheds and reduce wildfire risk, and reflects a broader strategy that links environmental recovery with community resilience. That land-based work is complemented by a separate $1.5-million investment to support Lahainaluna High School graduates enrolled at UH who continue to face economic hardship following the fires.

“We are profoundly grateful to our donors for their continued commitment to Maui,” said UH Foundation CEO and Vice President of Advancement Tim Dolan. “Their support is making a lasting difference for the people and places that define this community.”

The University of �鶹��ý at Hilo will lead a new $1.2 million, three-year grant funded by NASA to better understand how �Ჹ�ɲ���ʻ��’s coastlines can withstand climate change while expanding hands-on research and workforce development opportunities for students across the 10-campus UH System.

John Burns, an associate professor of will co-lead the project with Haunani Kane, assistant professor of at the UH ����ԴDz� .

“We are very excited to connect students from across the UH system through applied research experiences that help build educational pathways into careers in science and conservation,” said Burns.

The team will study how sea level rise and warming oceans are affecting coral reefs and nearshore areas. Students will learn satellite mapping, drone surveys, reef modeling and data analysis. They will also work with faculty, community partners and NASA scientists.

Burns directs UH �ᾱ����’s , where he creates detailed three-dimensional maps of reefs. Those maps show how storms, bleaching and human activity change reef structure and health over time.

—By Susan Enright

A live ramie moth (Arcte coerula) caterpillar was discovered on Kauaʻi last month, marking the first detection of this invasive species on the Garden Isle.

The discovery from a community report to the Kauaʻi Invasive Species Committee has sparked a swift response from the University of �鶹��ý at Mānoa, the Department of Land and Natural Resources, and the �鶹��ý Department of Agriculture and Biosecurity.

Growing threat to native ecosystems

Ramie moth caterpillars are prolific feeders known to quickly defoliate māmaki (Pipturus albidus), a native Hawaiian plant vital to our forests and culturally significant for its use in lāʻau lapaʻau, traditional Hawaiian healing practices.

“We are really worried about this because we’ve seen it spread from Maui to the Big Island in 2020, then to Oʻahu in 2024, and now to Kauaʻi,” said Michelle Au, a graduate student at the UH Mānoa (CTAHR) who has been tracking the pest since 2019.

Au highlighted the broader ecological risk: the caterpillars also feed on other endemic nettles including endangered species like maʻoloa (Neraudia angulata). The ramie moths also compete for the same resources with native species such as the Kamehameha butterfly and endangered endemic land snails.

Finding natural predators

As the moth continues its rapid expansion across the islands, Au’s research has focused on the detection of resident natural enemies that could help manage this pest. “We’ve been looking for predators and parasitoids already in our environment that may expand its host range and attack the eggs, caterpillars, and adults of the ramie moth, helping to manage populations from devastating levels,” Au said.

Au’s research monitors specimens at various field sites to determine what percentage of ramie moth eggs reach adulthood, which then will lay eggs and inflict future damage.

Community help needed

“I rely heavily on public reports of this pest, especially for new detections,” Au said. “The biggest thing for us right now, especially for Kauaʻi, is to raise awareness in order to track the spread of this pest.”

Officials ask the public to report sightings with photos to or email ipmlab@hawaii.edu. Visit CTAHR’s extension page on the for more information.

The University of �鶹��ý and the U.S. Army Reserve’s 9th Mission Support Command (9th MSC) have entered into a new Intergovernmental Support Agreement (IGSA) to advance environmental stewardship, conservation and regulatory compliance at Army Reserve facilities throughout the Pacific region.

“The University of �鶹��ý is excited to further expand our environmental stewardship role through this agreement with the U.S. Army Reserve’s 9th MSC,” said UH Interim Vice President for Research and Innovation Chad Walton. “We are extremely proud to have been selected as a trusted partner in support of the Army Reserve’s mission in �鶹��ý and the Pacific through our expertise in environmental sciences and stewardship.”

The agreement, signed at Fort Shafter on December 1, establishes a collaborative framework for UH experts to provide environmental compliance, conservation and pollution prevention support to the 9th MSC, ensuring alignment with Department of Defense (DOD), federal, state, territorial and local environmental requirements.

“This partnership underscores UH’s commitment to applying its expertise in service to our community and environment,” said Suzanne Case, director of the , which is overseeing the IGSA. “By working alongside the Army Reserve, we are helping to safeguard our environment in �鶹��ý and the Pacific, while supporting mission readiness.”

The new agreement reflects a growing model of military-academic partnerships, where institutions of higher education provide specialized expertise to strengthen DOD operations while creating new applied learning and workforce opportunities for students and researchers.

“Our partnership with the University of �鶹��ý strengthens our shared mission to preserve �鶹��ý’s environment and serve the community,” said Brig. Gen. Katherine A. Trombley, commanding general of the 9th Mission Support Command.

The 9th Mission Support Command is America’s Army Reserve of the Pacific. Under the operational control of U.S. Army Pacific Command, it provides trained and ready forces to overseas contingency operations. The command has 3,500 soldiers and 160 civilians located in three different countries, three states, three American territories and seven time zones throughout the Pacific.

For the first time, scientists have calculated a detailed “energetic budget” for �鶹��ý‘s short-finned pilot whales, revealing what it takes to power their extreme, 800-meter (2,600-feet) dives for food.

A new study led by the University of �鶹��ý at ��ā�ԴDz�’s (HIMB) found an average adult whale must eat 142 squid daily to survive, scaling up to 416 million squid annually for the entire population of short-finned pilot whales. This data, published in the , provides a new benchmark for protecting the historically understudied marine mammals.

“Pilot whales are one of the only oceanic dolphins that regularly dive to extreme depths—up to 1,000 meters—to find prey,” said William Gough, (MMRP) postdoctoral researcher and lead author of the study. “This deep-diving, high-risk foraging strategy requires a delicate balance between the energy they spend and the energy they acquire. Our study is the first step in quantifying that balance for this specific population.”

Understanding precisely how much energy the animals require is essential for understanding how to effectively manage against threats and ensure their survival.

“This detailed scientific data gives �鶹��ý management agencies a critical tool to monitor how changes in the ocean—from warming waters to ship noise—might push the pilot whales past their survival limit,” said Lars Bejder, MMRP director and co-author of the study.

The deep waters surrounding the Hawaiian Islands are home to a genetically distinct population of short-finned pilot whales. These highly social, toothed whales are not migratory; they remain with their tight-knit, multi-generational families in one region for life. The population forages year-round where they pursue their preferred prey: squid.

Requirements can inform effective management

“Deep-diving species like pilot whales are especially vulnerable to human-induced disturbances, such as noises from ships or changes in ocean temperature, which can disrupt foraging or increase their energetic costs,” said Gough. “If they use more energy than they can find, they face an energy crisis that weakens their health, hurts their ability to fight off disease, and ultimately limits their ability to reproduce and recover the population.”

Despite this inherent vulnerability, the Hawaiian pilot whale population benefits from a stable and abundant squid food source, which may better equip them to cope with environmental disturbances than populations elsewhere.

The team placed advanced Customized Animal Tracking Solutions (CATS) tags on eight short-finned pilot whales off the coast of Lānaʻi between 2021 and 2024. The tags recorded movement, depth and sound, and used 2K cameras with LED headlights to observe the whales in their lightless, 800-meter-deep hunting habitat. The researchers developed a new method to estimate minute changes in energy usage by combining data from tags with body measurements from aerial drone footage.

“Getting to be on the water and close to these animals is an absolute joy,” said Gough. “But the fact that we can see into their world, even at 800 meters and under extreme pressures [80 times that at the surface], and observe them capturing their food in complete darkness, feels unbelievable to me. It’s truly a privilege to document the lives of these elusive, deep-diving whales.”

A new study by researchers from the University of �鶹��ý at Mānoa’s (HIMB) has revealed that endangered Hawaiian monk seals have a hidden vocal repertoire, using a complex range of sounds to call underwater.

Previously, scientists believed monk seals had a simple repertoire, identifying only six different calls based on seals in human care. In this study, the scientists analyzed thousands of hours of passive acoustic data from the wild, they discovered 25 distinct vocalizations.

The study, published in , also found that these low–frequency calls are produced by the seals throughout the day. These vocal types were heard consistently across the Hawaiian archipelago, with calling rates highest at sites where more seals were present. This new understanding of the monk seals (Neomonachus schauinslandi) vocal repertoire opens up a new window into their acoustic behavior.

“We discovered that Hawaiian monk seals—one of the world’s most endangered marine mammals—are far more vocal underwater than previously known,” said Kirby Parnell, lead author of the study and a PhD candidate with (MMRP). “By analyzing over 4,500 hours of recordings from across the Hawaiian Archipelago, we identified more than 23,000 vocalizations representing at least 25 distinct call types.”

Monk seal vocalizations

The study, which deployed passive acoustic recorders at five key monk seal habitats from Molokaʻi to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, uncovered:

Expanded vocal repertoire: Researchers identified 20 previously undocumented calls.

Novel communication strategy: The research provides evidence that monk seals can combine different vocalizations together, creating “combinational calls”—a communication strategy never before reported in any pinniped (seals, sea lions and walruses) species.

A foraging call: The team discovered one novel elemental call type “the whine” produced during foraging, representing only the second known example of a seal species using vocalizations while pursuing prey.

“We were surprised by the sheer diversity and complexity of monk seal vocalizations,” said Parnell. “The discovery of combinational calls, where seals link multiple call types together, suggests a previously unknown level of complexity in pinniped acoustic communication. Finding a new call type—the Whine—associated with foraging behavior was also unexpected and suggests that monk seals may use sound not only for mating or socializing, but possibly for foraging purposes as well.”

Seal conservation in �鶹��ý

These results lay the foundation for using passive acoustics to monitor monk seal populations to protect their acoustic habitats as human activity persists in Hawaiian waters. Future research will decisively link these documented vocalizations to specific Hawaiian monk seal behaviors, such as foraging, swimming, social interactions and reproduction. Next steps involve developing automated detection systems to monitor the seals’ acoustic activity more efficiently and non–invasively.

“This research provides the first comprehensive description of free–ranging Hawaiian monk seal underwater sound production, an important step toward understanding how they use sound for critical life–history events,” said Lars Bejder, director of MMRP, professor at HIMB and co–author of the study. “Because their vocalizations overlap with the same low–frequency range as many human–generated sounds (e.g. vessel noise), this work lays the foundations to evaluate how ocean noise may affect communication, reproduction, and behavior in this endangered species.”

About the team

The team included undergraduate and graduate students, and recent UH alumni, and coauthors from France and the .

“Manually annotating over 23,000 calls by hand is no small feat, and I have a team of interns to thank for helping with the analysis!” said Parnell. “This research would also not have been possible without the support of the Hawaiian Monk Seal Research Program, who deployed and retrieved the acoustic recorders in the .”

The work was supported by NOAA Fisheries via the Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (CESU) award NA19NMF4720181.

University of �鶹��ý at Mānoa alumna Lauryn Hansen can pinpoint the moment she realized she could turn her passion for the environment into a career, beginning a journey that would eventually lead her to dive deep into the intricate links between ocean and human health.

“My high school history teacher showed our class a clip of a late-night talk show where lobbyists in powerful positions chatted about their stance on climate regulation,” said Hansen. “It was the first time I really thought about how the world worked—and how often people making the biggest decisions may not act in the public’s best interest. That was an ‘aha’ moment for me: realizing that I could channel my deep care and interest in the environment into a career.”

That realization led Hansen, who grew up in California and the Pacific Northwest, to UH Mānoa. She enrolled in the (GES) bachelor’s degree program in the (SOEST).

For her GES senior thesis, Hansen worked with Robert Richmond at the Kewalo Marine Laboratory to investigate how exposure to PFAS, a type of “forever chemical,” influenced different phases of the coral life cycle. This project sparked a strong interest in toxicology and contamination, which ultimately steered her toward pursuing a bachelor’s and master’s (BAM) combined degree in public health at UH Mānoa.

“The transition to public health ended up being a really natural fit,” Hansen said.

Linking research and community

Now, as an with the UH Sea Grant College Program (�鶹��ý Sea Grant), Hansen is focusing on coastal marine resource management related to contaminants of emerging concern, such as forever chemicals, pesticides and microplastics. She collaborates with researchers, water quality managers and government agencies to improve local monitoring and management of these contaminants.

In addition to her research, Hansen contributes to UH ����ԴDz�’s efforts to become a Native Hawaiian Place of Learning. After completing Cohort Kaulua, a professional development program, she became a trained Pilina Circle co-facilitator to support spaces for reflection and connection among the campus community.

Looking ahead, Hansen plans to continue working in environmental health with a focus on outreach.

“What matters most to me is being in a role where I can take research beyond the ‘ivory tower’—working with people, shaping conversations, and helping create solutions that make a real difference,” Hansen said.

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To encourage a deeper connection with the ocean and foster ocean stewardship across generations in �鶹��ý, the (�鶹��ý Sea Grant) and UH Mānoa , in collaboration with the �鶹��ý Symphony Orchestra (HSO), presented Symphony of the �鶹��ý Seas at the Neal S. Blaisdell Concert Hall on October 23. The free concert captivated audiences by weaving together moʻolelo (storytelling), mele (music), hula and animations.

The performance featured HSO performing ocean-themed original compositions by celebrated local composers Michael-Thomas Foumai, Herb Mahelona, Takuma Itoh, Logyn Okuda and Justin Park. The music was paired with vibrant animations by Kari Noe, Janae Taclas, Dillon Valenzuela, Jewel Racasa, Sam St. John, Edward Ayano, Napua Rice, Huy Nguyen and Kieren McKee.

“We have the research at UH, and we have the finest musicians, world class orchestra, and when we combine those together, we have a powerful message to send to the world using music that goes straight to the heart,” said Foumai, the director of artistic engagement for HSO and also a lecturer at UH–West Oʻahu.

The program also included a mele composed by UH Professor Rosie Alegado and UH Indigenous Stewardship Specialist Aimee Sato accompanying a hula under the guidance of Kumu Hula, Kekuhi Kealiʻikanakaʻoleohaililani and �鶹��ý Community College Professor of Hawaiian Studies Taupōuri Tangarō. Cultural narratives guided audiences through time alongside native sea life and ʻaumākua (family or personal gods), exploring the vital role humans play in protecting cherished waters.

School performances

Symphony of the �鶹��ý Seas featured two morning performances for students in grades 4–12. These free school concerts were designed to support STEAM learning, cultural literacy and environmental awareness in classrooms.

“And so it’s exciting to bring all of this talent together to provide an opportunity for our 4th and 12th grade students to be in a symphony, to be in a concert hall, and to get to see all of it in such an immersive experience,” said Beth Lenz, PhD, �鶹��ý Sea Grant assistant director for strategic communications and engagement.

“It was my first time going to one of those kinds of events,” said Brad Park, Papahana O Kaiona Alternative Learning Program sophomore. “It was very peaceful, I had a peaceful feeling listening to the orchestra. And I liked how it kind of matched the vibe of the video, that’s what I liked.”

Continuing the education through music

This performance continued the successes of the Symphony of the Hawaiian Birds and Symphony of �鶹��ý Forests. The Symphony of the �鶹��ý Seas represented a new chapter in creative collaboration, bringing together UH, local experts and organizations, as well as federal, state, and county agencies to weave culture, science, and the arts into an inspiring shared experience.

“They’re not pre-written works written by someone from outside of �鶹��ý,” said Takuma Itoh, DMA, composer and professor of music at UH Mānoa Department of Music. “They’re all created here locally, just like the animation, just like the hula, just like everything in this project.”

The program was a collaborative effort supported by �鶹��ý Sea Grant and the UH Mānoa Strategic Investment Initiative, led by Lenz of �鶹��ý Sea Grant, with co-investigators Itoh, Kalilinoe Detwiler (UH Mānoa English Department), Anne Rosa (�鶹��ý Sea Grant), Melissa Price (Natural Resources and Environmental Management Department) and Kanesa Duncan Seraphin (�鶹��ý Sea Grant).

The University of �鶹��ý marked the success of a first-of-its-kind pilot program designed to strengthen the next generation of conservation leaders in �鶹��ý by blending academic training with hands-on professional development.

The inaugural Conservation Program Management Intensive over two weeks in August 2025, collaboratively offered by the UH Mānoa and ’s (NREM), with support from the UH System and , brought together 22 participants: seven UH Mānoa conservation-focused graduate students and 15 conservation professionals, many from the �鶹��ý Department of Land and Natural Resources’ (DLNR) Divisions of Aquatic Resources and Forestry and Wildlife, one from The Nature Conservancy and several from across the UH System. Students represented all four counties in �鶹��ý.

Participants learned directly from more than two dozen expert instructors and professionals representing agencies and organizations across the �鶹��ý conservation landscape, including UH Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, UH Hilo, UH Mānoa NREM, Hālau ʻŌhiʻa, Heʻeia Ahupuaʻa Kākoʻo ʻŌiwi, Paepae o Heʻeia and National Estuarine Research Reserve, The Nature Conservancy, DLNR Chair’s Office and the Divisions of Aquatic Resources, Forestry and Wildlife, and Conservation and Resources Enforcement, the �鶹��ý Attorney General’s Office, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Congressman Ed Case, Kupu, and UH ��ā�ԴDz�’s Lyon Arboretum, among others.

The course covered a wide range of topics essential to conservation program leadership and management, including:

• Cohort building, ʻāina-based learning and Hawaiian life pathways
• Community engagement and co-stewardship management
• Strategic planning and decision analysis
• Administrative procedure and state/federal government functions
• Human resource management, budgeting, grant writing and management
• Public meeting facilitation, environmental law and congressional processes
• Project management, communications and leadership development

“This course was created to directly address needs expressed by statewide public and non-profit organizations working in conservation,” said UH Director of Land and Ocean Conservation Futures Director and Course Co-instructor Suzanne Case. “While early-career professionals often bring strong disciplinary expertise, many organizations identified a critical need for training in program administration and leadership. It looks like the course hit this need spot-on.”

Co-instructor Linden Schneider reflected on the real, lasting impact, saying, “This program not only delivered practical knowledge, but also created a powerful cohort-based learning community where participants shared their own challenges and created solutions, collaboratively, in real time.”

Alan Hunley of the UH Outreach College praised the program’s collaborative design.

“Our goal was to make this course accessible and impactful for both students and working professionals,” Hunley said. “We were thrilled to see the energy and dedication of the participants, and the positive feedback confirms this model is working.”

Participants also expressed high praise:

• “Such a great course, filled with knowledge from many knowledgeable speakers, very informative and fun excursions to actually go to different entities and see their facilities and hear from their work experiences. I would recommend this class and take it again every five years to revitalize and remember why I love my job.”
• “I feel incredibly grateful for the relationships I built with the kumu, fellow students and presenters throughout this experience. The thoughtful balance between classroom learning and site visits made the program truly unique.”

Encouraged by the pilot’s success, Case and Schneider anticipate offering the course again in summer 2026 to a mix of graduate students and early-career professionals in conservation-related fields. Tuition is expected to be $1,000 for 80 hours of instruction, with applications opening in early spring 2026. Applicants will be selected based on their ability to immediately apply the course content to their work. For more information about the course, .

From tracking invasive marine species, to exploring vegetation recovery on degraded, uninhabited islands, to studying tiny beetles threatening mangroves, eight University of �鶹��ý at Mānoa undergraduates spent two months this summer in the Galápagos Islands. Funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation with additional support from UH Mānoa, and guided by research mentors from UH Mānoa and the Charles Darwin Foundation, the students conducted hands-on research on invasive species that connected them to ʻāina (land/sea), kānaka (people) and mālama ʻāina (stewardship).

The experience built on a preparatory spring course (NREM 491), where students learned the foundations of island invasion biology and developed their own research proposals.

Monitoring invasive species

Cienna Kahrobaie, a major, studied invasive marine species at boat docks around Puerto Ayora on Santa Cruz Island. Using settlement plates (small experimental surfaces for marine organisms to grow on) deployed for two months, she compared species richness, percent cover, and community composition at docks experiencing differential boat traffic, and learned valuable identification techniques from experts at the Charles Darwin Foundation and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama.

“Settlement plates allow scientists to get a glimpse of what is growing in marine communities around boat docks, so if we employ them at sites with specific maritime traffic patterns, we can more quickly detect invasive species of concern,” Kahrobaie said. “This would allow conservationists to respond quicker to these marine invasions and prevent their establishment.”

While conducting research, she found a moment of discovery while resting in a tidepool. By staying still, she observed fish, hermit crabs and even an octopus up close, learning that sometimes slowing down revealed more than trying to see it all at once.

Studying connections between islands

Riley Herron, a major, conducted research on Santa Fé Island, a remote, uninhabited Galápagos island recovering from heavy feral goat degradation and resulting ecological damage. She studied how the island’s microtopography affects microclimates critical for woody plant seedling establishment, setting up large plots to measure environmental conditions and seedling presence for the island’s three dominant woody species. Through her research, Herron found connections between the Galápagos and �鶹��ý.

“I hope my research helps highlight the interconnectedness of our ecosystems,” Herron said. “There are so many large-scale processes that shape what happens on the micro level, and as our climate continues to change, understanding those small-scale interactions becomes more important than ever. As island ecosystems are isolated, limited in resources and filled with endemism, they are the first to be impacted, emphasizing how important island conservation is globally.”

Tiny threatening beetles

Lana Mitchell, a major, studied how an invasive mangrove bark beetle affects native red mangrove seedlings, testing whether fertilizer could offset beetle damage. The project challenged her to conduct independent research while navigating new skills, from kayaking to communicating in Spanish, all while deepening her passion for conservation.

“I hope that this can aid scientists in measuring how much of a difference in survival and growth a propagule (a young mangrove seedling) can undergo with and without beetle infestations,” Mitchell said. “This research could help to determine the overall survival of native species in exposure to invasives, giving scientists a window of time in which to provide native species with resources to better sustain their growth and longevity in island ecosystems.”

Mitchell was struck by how comfortable Galápagos wildlife are around humans, spotting sea lions resting just steps away during her research. According to Mitchell, the experiences reinforced the local community’s dedication to conservation and strengthened her connection to the islands’ unique ecosystems.

“This immersive summer research program in the Galápagos is a collaborative effort that provides applied research experiences in invasive species ecology to UH Mānoa undergraduate students from across campus,” said Creighton Litton, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management professor, (UROP) director, and one of the eight UH Mānoa faculty members who designed and implemented the program over the past three years. “The success of this program stems from committed research mentors from both UH Mānoa and the Charles Darwin Foundation, financial support from NSF and UH Mānoa and, most importantly, fully engaged students from our campus who commit to a full research experience, from learning the basics and developing proposals on campus in the spring, to field data collection, analysis and write-up in the summer.”

This opportunity is the result of a collaboration between UH Mānoa and the Charles Darwin Foundation, and is funded by the National Science Foundation–International Research Experiences for Students, the UH Mānoa Provost’s Office to align the overall program with the campus goal of becoming a Native Hawaiian Place of Learning and the UH Mānoa Office of the Vice Provost for Research and Scholarship.

The deadline to apply for the 2026 program is October 15. .

A new online resource aims to make learning about �鶹��ý’s rare and endangered native plants easier for students, teachers and the community—and the University of �鶹��ý is playing a key role.

, with support from UH ��ā�ԴDz�’s and other partners, has launched , a free website that gathers lesson plans, classroom activities, multimedia tools and student-friendly content in one place. The site is designed to help educators bring native plant conservation into classrooms and inspire future environmental stewards.

“Hua ʻIke makes it easier than ever for educators and students to connect with the incredible diversity of �鶹��ý’s native plants,” said Raedelle Van Fossen, education manager at UH ��ā�ԴDz�’s Lyon Arboretum, advisor for the Hua ʻIke project and member of the Laukahi Advisory Council. “By sharing this knowledge, we’re helping grow the next generation of conservation leaders.”

Hua ʻIke, meaning “seed or fruit of knowledge,” reflects the idea that knowledge, like a seed, can grow across generations. Visitors to the site can explore interactive materials, learn conservation stories and connect with a community of educators and learners.

Laukahi was formed in 2016 to implement the �鶹��ý Strategy for Plant Conservation, aligning statewide efforts to protect native species, nearly half of which are endangered. The organization’s mission is to unite conservation partners, expand awareness of �鶹��ý’s global biodiversity importance and prevent species extinction.

“Hua ʻIke came to life through the collective efforts of many—educators, conservationists, designers—all committed to supporting the next generation of stewards,” said Laukahi Network Coordinator Kimberly Shay. “Through Hua ʻIke, I feel optimistic for the future of �鶹��ý’s native plants as students discover the joy of connecting with them and caring for them.”

UH’s involvement includes faculty, staff and affiliates serving on Laukahi’s volunteer advisory council, contributing scientific expertise, educational outreach and project coordination. Lyon Arboretum’s participation ensures that botanical knowledge and cultural context remain central to the platform’s design.

Members of the Laukahi Advisory Council with UH ties:

• Mark Burgman, UH Mānoa, School of Life Sciences director
• Don Drake, Lyon Arboretum interim director
• Elliott Parsons, UH Pacific Regional Invasive Species and Climate Change Management Network specialist
• Raedelle Van Fossen, Lyon Arboretum education manager

When University of �鶹��ý at ����ԴDz� students discovered a fallen manu-o-Kū (white tern) chick at Bilger Hall on May 20, they reached out to conservationist group to successfully rescue the native Hawaiian seabird.

Hui Manu-O-Kū volunteers and campus arboretum curator Nōweo Kai were able to return the chick to its nest cup on a kukui branch three floors high, where its parent anxiously awaited.

This rescue was one of many that Hui �Ѳ��Գ�-��-��ū has facilitated since the group formed in 2016.

�Ѳ��Գ�-��-��ū do not build nests, but instead balance their eggs on tree branches, and made headlines in 2017 by delaying renovation to the �鶹��ý State Art Museum when a pair laid their egg on a broken lānai railing. When the chicks hatch, they grip their branch with their large feet and sharp claws while the parents fly to the ocean to hunt small fish and squid. Although chicks’ feet are strong, they can sometimes be blown or knocked off their branches.

If someone finds a chick on the ground or an injured manu-o-Kū, call their hotline at (808) 379-7555 for assistance. So far, they have fielded more than 700 calls.

“Anything that any of us can do to make a difference in the life of a single bird, you know, in a big picture makes a difference,” said Hui �Ѳ��Գ�-��-��ū Coordinator Rich Downs.

Special bird, special campus

These birds are also commonly known as white terns or are referred to by their scientific name Gygis alba, but the name manu-o-Kū itself is culturally significant, literally translating to “bird of Kū.” Historic representations of the Hawaiian god of war, Kū, have often included feathers.

Prior to the discovery of a pair on Koko Head in 1961, the terns were not known to breed on Oʻahu.

“With the loss of every species, our lives become a little less rich,” said Downs. “Especially here in �鶹��ý, where there are so few native species left.”

The official bird of the City and County of Honolulu, which can be found throughout the Pacific, Southern Atlantic and Indian Oceans, now has a thriving population in �鶹��ý thanks to the efforts of groups like Hui �Ѳ��Գ�-��-��ū.

�Ѳ��Գ�-��-��ū are unique for their tolerance of humans. Rather than shying away from people, like many birds do, manu-o-Kū are curious and even form relationships. In fact, for some families, manu-o-Kū are ʻaumakua, or ancestral gods.

Oʻahu, UH ����ԴDz� home to many

Beyond the Northwest Hawaiian Islands, Oʻahu has the highest population of these beloved birds in �鶹��ý, with UH ����ԴDz� being one of the busiest locations for breeding.

An , the ����ԴDz� campus has attracted manu-o-Kū to about 300 trees now marked for breeding use with blue tape.

Managed predators through efforts such as designated cat feeding stations and rat traps, and a variety of trimmed trees make UH ����ԴDz� a perfect place for manu-o-Kū to call home.

“Trees, globally, play a huge role. They’re part of this huge enterprise that sustains life on earth,” said Kai. “We have a unique set of trees that go along with this wonderful university.”

Kai hopes that in future, students will take interest in forming a group that can help to work directly with Hui �Ѳ��Գ�-��-��ū.

To get involved in upcoming events, visit the , follow them on Facebook at “White Tern Citizen Science” and on Instagram at .

—By Josslyn Rose

What makes a coral or rocky reef appear beautiful? A recent University of �鶹��ý at ����ԴDz� study found that beauty is strongly linked to both the number of species and the presence of especially colorful or uniquely-shaped fish. This has become increasingly important for both conservation and economic valuation of these ecosystems.

The research, co-authored by UH ����ԴDz� graduate student Aaron Judah, was published in June 2025 in the .

“There are many threats facing the future of our worldʻs reef ecosystems,” said Judah. “We need to strive to conserve both their dazzling biodiversity and the important functions and provisions they support. This study informs a management approach of reefs that incorporates natureʻs contributions to people.”

The study also showed that marine protected areas amplify this beauty. These effects are especially pronounced in tropical regions, regardless of a country’s wealth. This highlights the importance of integrating aesthetic value into biodiversity protection policies. In addition to their ecological role, coral reefs offer a powerful emotional connection between people and nature. Marine protected areas help preserve this connection while supporting sustainable tourism, which is essential to the local economy in many countries of the Global South (developing nations in Africa, Latin America, Asia and Oceania).

Preserving beauty, supporting life

Judah was part of an international team of researchers, led by Matthew McLean at the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW) and Nicolas Mouquet at the Université de Montpellier, who analyzed the perceived beauty of more than 3,500 groups of reef fish around the world. The team combined data from a global reef monitoring program with assessments of fish species’ aesthetic appeal, gathered through online surveys conducted with the public.

“Rocky and coral reefs, which are among the most colorful and vibrant ecosystems on the planet, attract millions of visitors each year and generate major economic benefits, especially in developing tropical countries,” said McLean, UNCW assistant professor of biology and marine biology.

Coral reefs also play a vital ecological role, connect people to nature and support local tourism, so protecting their beauty should be a key part of conservation. With less than 7% of reefs currently benefiting from effective protection, this study calls for a rethinking of conservation priorities. Preserving the rich beauty of the oceans helps protect and support fisheries, tourism, and human well-being simultaneously, and tropical, developing countries can benefit most.

“The beauty of nature influences our attachment to ecosystems and our willingness to protect them,” said Mouquet. “In the face of the rapid decline of these ecosystems, better understanding of what makes a reef beautiful in the eyes of the public has become a key conservation issue.”