In the context of the University of Hawai`i at Manoa (as well as most other Western academic institutions), a text that contains plagiarism is, essentially, a sign that the writer was not able to quote, paraphrase or summarize correctly (or cite their sources appropriately). There are many forms that plagiarism might take, but based on previous scholars\u2019 efforts to classify them (Howard, 1995; Blum, 2009*), the ELI would like to suggest the following three categories for the inability to meet the standards for incorporating sources (i.e., forms that plagiarism might take):<\/p>\n
It\u2019s important to note that, while the focus here is on student writing, these categories apply to the writing of any author, including university faculty.<\/p>\n
* Howard (1995) classified plagiarism into \u201ccheating\u201d, \u201cnon-attribution\u201d, and \u201cpatchwriting\u201d. Blum (2009) had five categories for plagiarism, including three that could be done by students (\u201cuninformed\u201d, \u201cnonce\u201d, and \u201cdeceptive\u201d) and two additional categories that she called \u201cprofessional plagiarism\u201d and \u201ccopyright infringement\u201d. The focus in the ELI\u2019s statement is on types of plagiarism that might be found in students\u2019 work.<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n